11.3. Some reactions of the halide ions
A subsection of Chemistry, 9701, through 11. Group 17
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Sodium halide salts react with concentrated sulfuricacid at room temperature. Write an equation to represent the reaction of NaCl with concentrated sulfuricacid. Name this type of reaction. NaIreacts with concentrated sulfuricacid, at room temperature, to form steamy fumes. Identify the chemical responsible for the steamy fumes. The reaction of NaIwith concentrated sulfuricacid continues, forming several other products, including a dark grey solid. Identify the chemical responsible for the dark grey solid and one other product of this further reaction. dark grey solid other product  Explain the differences in observations, at room temperature, when NaIreacts with concentrated sulfuricacid compared to those for NaCl . Complete the equation for the reaction of Br – with excess concentrated H2SO4 at room temperature. Br – + H+ + H2SO4 →  
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THEORY
2021
Paper 2, Variant 1
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State and explain the relative rate of hydrolysis of acyl chlorides, alkyl chlorides and arylchlorides. > > fastest slowest The drug remifentanil is shown. O O remifentanil O O O N N Remifentanil is completely hydrolysed under acidic conditions. Three different organic compounds are formed. Draw the structures for these organic compounds in the boxes.  CompoundY, C5H10O2, reacts with Na2CO3to evolve bubbles of gas. The proton (1H) NMR spectrum of compoundY in D2O is shown. / ppm Use this information to suggest a structure for Y.  Use the Data Booklet, the proton (1H) NMR spectrum and your answer to to complete the table. chemical shift (δ) environment of proton splitting pattern number of 1H atoms responsible for the peak 0.95 1.90 2.20  
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THEORY
2021
Paper 4, Variant 2
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Radium, Ra, is an element found in Group2 of the Periodic Table. It is a crystalline solid at room temperature and conducts electricity. Radiumchloride, RaCl 2, has a melting point of 900 °C and is soluble in water. Predict the lattice structure of RaCl 2based on the properties described. Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the arrangement of outer electrons in RaCl 2.  Solid Ra and Ca show similar reactions with H2O, but the reactions occur at different rates. Separate samples, each containing a single piece of solid Ra or Ca, are added to equal volumes of cold water. Each sample contains equal numbers of moles of solid and the H2O is in excess. Construct an equation for the reaction of Ra with H2O. Identify which element, Ra or Ca, reacts with H2O at a faster rate. Suggest how the observations of each reaction would differ. Suggest why these reactions occur at different rates. One of the solutions is cloudy when the reaction has finished. At the end of each reaction, universal indicator is added to each reaction mixture. Suggest pH values of the solutions made in both reactions. Explain your answer. A sample of aqueous calcium halide, CaX2, contains either chloride, bromide or iodide ions. Complete Table2.1 to describe a two-step process that could be used to identify the halide ion present. Table 2.1 step method observation with CaCl 2 observation with CaBr2 observation with CaI2 step 1 step 2  
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THEORY
2022
Paper 2, Variant 2
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