11.4. The reactions of chlorine
A subsection of Chemistry, 9701, through 11. Group 17
Listing 10 of 290 questions
Potassium chlorate, KCl O3, is widely used as an oxidising agent and to make O2. Define oxidising agent. KCl O3decomposes when heated. MnO2catalyses the exothermic decomposition reaction. Complete and label the diagram in to show the effect of MnO2on the decomposition of KCl O3. enthalpy reactants progress of reaction products When KCl O3 is heated without a catalyst, KCl O4 and KCl form. 4KCl O3 3KCl O4 + KCl Explain why this reaction is described as a disproportionation reaction. Molten KCl O3 reacts with glucose, C6H12O6. 4KCl O3 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + 4KCl KCl O3 melts at 630 K. At this temperature, both CO2 and H2O are gases. Use the ideal gas equation to calculate the volume, in m3, of one mole of gas at 630 K and 1.00 × 105 Pa. Show your working. Give your answer to 3 significant figures. volume of 1 mol of gas = m3 5.00 g of C6H12O6 reacts completely with molten KCl O3. Use your answer to to calculate the total volume of gas released at 630 K and 1.00 × 105 Pa in this reaction. (If you were unable to answer , use 0.0463 m3 in this question. This is not the correct answer to .) total volume of gas released = m3 The structure of glucose, C6H12O6, is shown in . OH OH OH HO O OH glucose Complete Table 3.1 to identify the number of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol groups present in the structure shown in . Table 3.1 type of alcohol group primary secondary tertiary number of groups Separate samples of aqueous glucose are tested with the reagents shown in Table 3.2. Complete Table 3.2 with the observation for each reaction. Write “no reaction” if applicable. Table 3.2 reagent and conditions observation with glucose acidified KMnO4and warm Fehling’s reagent and warm alkaline I2and warm There are many structural isomers of C6H12O6. Define structural isomers.
9701_w23_qp_21
THEORY
2023
Paper 2, Variant 1
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Potassium chlorate, KCl O3, is widely used as an oxidising agent and to make O2. Define oxidising agent. KCl O3decomposes when heated. MnO2catalyses the exothermic decomposition reaction. Complete and label the diagram in to show the effect of MnO2on the decomposition of KCl O3. enthalpy reactants progress of reaction products When KCl O3 is heated without a catalyst, KCl O4 and KCl form. 4KCl O3 3KCl O4 + KCl Explain why this reaction is described as a disproportionation reaction. Molten KCl O3 reacts with glucose, C6H12O6. 4KCl O3 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + 4KCl KCl O3 melts at 630 K. At this temperature, both CO2 and H2O are gases. Use the ideal gas equation to calculate the volume, in m3, of one mole of gas at 630 K and 1.00 × 105 Pa. Show your working. Give your answer to 3 significant figures. volume of 1 mol of gas = m3 5.00 g of C6H12O6 reacts completely with molten KCl O3. Use your answer to to calculate the total volume of gas released at 630 K and 1.00 × 105 Pa in this reaction. (If you were unable to answer , use 0.0463 m3 in this question. This is not the correct answer to .) total volume of gas released = m3 The structure of glucose, C6H12O6, is shown in . OH OH OH HO O OH glucose Complete Table 3.1 to identify the number of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol groups present in the structure shown in . Table 3.1 type of alcohol group primary secondary tertiary number of groups Separate samples of aqueous glucose are tested with the reagents shown in Table 3.2. Complete Table 3.2 with the observation for each reaction. Write “no reaction” if applicable. Table 3.2 reagent and conditions observation with glucose acidified KMnO4and warm Fehling’s reagent and warm alkaline I2and warm There are many structural isomers of C6H12O6. Define structural isomers.
9701_w23_qp_23
THEORY
2023
Paper 2, Variant 3
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Cobalt(nitrate, Co(NO3)2, is a reddish-brown crystalline solid. It dissolves in water to form a solution containing [Co(H2O)6]2+ complex ions. Complete Table 4.1 giving the formula of the cobalt-containing species that is formed in each of the three reactions described. Table 4.1 reaction reagent added to [Co(H2O)6]2+cobalt-containing species formed NaOH2 an excess of NH33 an excess of conc. HCl Describe the colour change seen in reaction 3. original colour of [Co(H2O)6]2+final colour after addition of an excess of conc. HCl Calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, is a white crystalline solid. When heated, it starts to decompose at approximately 500°C. Write an equation for the decomposition of Ca(NO3)2. Suggest temperatures at which Mg(NO3)2 and Ba(NO3)2 start to decompose. Explain your answer. temperature at which Mg(NO3)2 starts to decompose °C temperature at which Ba(NO3)2 starts to decompose °C explanation
9701_w23_qp_41
THEORY
2023
Paper 4, Variant 1
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Cobalt(nitrate, Co(NO3)2, is a reddish-brown crystalline solid. It dissolves in water to form a solution containing [Co(H2O)6]2+ complex ions. Complete Table 4.1 giving the formula of the cobalt-containing species that is formed in each of the three reactions described. Table 4.1 reaction reagent added to [Co(H2O)6]2+cobalt-containing species formed NaOH2 an excess of NH33 an excess of conc. HCl Describe the colour change seen in reaction 3. original colour of [Co(H2O)6]2+final colour after addition of an excess of conc. HCl Calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, is a white crystalline solid. When heated, it starts to decompose at approximately 500°C. Write an equation for the decomposition of Ca(NO3)2. Suggest temperatures at which Mg(NO3)2 and Ba(NO3)2 start to decompose. Explain your answer. temperature at which Mg(NO3)2 starts to decompose °C temperature at which Ba(NO3)2 starts to decompose °C explanation
9701_w23_qp_43
THEORY
2023
Paper 4, Variant 3
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