11.4. The reactions of chlorine
A subsection of Chemistry, 9701, through 11. Group 17
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Complete the table to show how both AgNO3and NH3could be used to distinguish between solutions of NaCl and NaI. test performed observation with NaCl observation with NaI Important information for this question ● In this question means ‘a solution in propanone’. ● Sodium iodide is soluble in propanone giving Na+and I–. ● Sodium chloride is insoluble in propanone. The reaction between 2-chlorobutane and sodium iodide in propanone is shown. CH3CH2CHCl CH3+ Na++ I–CH3CH2CHICH3+ NaCl The rate of this reaction can be investigated by measuring the electrical conductivity of the reaction mixture. The electrical conductivity changes as the reaction progresses due to the precipitation of the NaCl produced. Suggest how the electrical conductivity will change as the reaction proceeds. Explain your answer. Describe a suitable method for studying the rate of this reaction at a temperature of 40 °C, using the following. ● an electrical conductance meter which measures the electrical conductivity of solutions ● solutions of known concentrations of 2-chlorobutane in propanone and sodium iodide in propanone ● stopclock ● access to standard laboratory equipment The rate of this reaction was measured at different initial concentrations of the two reagents. The table shows the results obtained. experiment [CH3CH2CHCl CH3] / mol dm–3 [I–] / mol dm–3 relative rate 0.06 0.03 0.10 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.08 0.04 to be calculated Deduce the order of reaction with respect to each of [CH3CH2CHCl CH3] and [I–]. Explain your reasoning. order with respect to [CH3CH2CHCl CH3] order with respect to [I–]  Write the rate equation for this reaction, stating the units of the rate constant, k. rate = mol dm–3 s–1 units of k = Calculate the relative rate for experiment 4. relative rate for experiment 4 = Suggest the mechanism for the reaction of 2-chlorobutane with iodide ions. Draw out the steps involved, including the following. ● all relevant lone pairs and dipoles ● curly arrows to show the movement of electron pairs ● the structure of any transition state or intermediate This reaction was carried out using a single optical isomer of 2-chlorobutane. Use your mechanism in to predict whether the product will be a single optical isomer or a mixture of two optical isomers. Explain your answer. State the number of peaks that would be seen in the carbon-13 NMR spectrum of CH3CH2CHCl CH3. There are two isomers of CH3CH2CHCl CH3 that have fewer peaks in their carbon-13 NMR spectra than CH3CH2CHCl CH3. Draw the structures of the isomers and state the number of peaks for each isomer. isomer 1 isomer 2 number of peaks = number of peaks =
9701_s17_qp_42
THEORY
2017
Paper 4, Variant 2
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