15.1. Halogenoalkanes
A subsection of Chemistry, 9701, through 15. Halogen compounds
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The technique of DNA fingerprinting has been one of the most important developments in biochemical analysis in recent times. It has enabled enormous advances to be made in forensic science, medicine and archaeology. The table shows different stages in the production of a genetic fingerprint. Use the numbers 1 to 6 to put the stages in the correct sequence in the blank column. stages process correct sequence A place samples on agarose gel B use polymerase chain reaction C label with radioactive isotope D extract DNA E use restriction enzyme F carry out electrophoresis One of the stages above uses a radioactive isotope. What isotope is used? Why is this isotope chosen? The following DNA fingerprints were taken from a family of mother, father and four children. child 1 child 2 mother father child 3 child 4 Are all of the children related to the mother? State the evidence for your answer. Which child is unlikely to be related to the father? State the evidence for your answer. DNA fingerprinting has been successfully used in archaeological investigations. Ancient writings were often made on goatskins. Over the centuries these have often become broken into fragments, making reconstruction of the writings almost impossible. Suggest how the use of DNA fingerprinting might be able to identify which fragments came from a particular skin. Apart from the examples of human remains and goatskins, state one other material that could be investigated using this technique.
9701_s11_qp_42
THEORY
2011
Paper 4, Variant 2
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The technique of DNA fingerprinting has been one of the most important developments in biochemical analysis in recent times. It has enabled enormous advances to be made in forensic science, medicine and archaeology. The table shows different stages in the production of a genetic fingerprint. Use the numbers 1 to 6 to put the stages in the correct sequence in the blank column. stages process correct sequence A place samples on agarose gel B use polymerase chain reaction C label with radioactive isotope D extract DNA E use restriction enzyme F carry out electrophoresis One of the stages above uses a radioactive isotope. What isotope is used? Why is this isotope chosen? The following DNA fingerprints were taken from a family of mother, father and four children. child 1 child 2 mother father child 3 child 4 Are all of the children related to the mother? State the evidence for your answer. Which child is unlikely to be related to the father? State the evidence for your answer. DNA fingerprinting has been successfully used in archaeological investigations. Ancient writings were often made on goatskins. Over the centuries these have often become broken into fragments, making reconstruction of the writings almost impossible. Suggest how the use of DNA fingerprinting might be able to identify which fragments came from a particular skin. Apart from the examples of human remains and goatskins, state one other material that could be investigated using this technique.
9701_s11_qp_43
THEORY
2011
Paper 4, Variant 3
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