20.1. Addition polymerisation
A subsection of Chemistry, 9701, through 20. Polymerisation
Listing 10 of 116 questions
In today’s world, many traditional materials have been replaced by different sorts of polymers. This includes rigid polymers such as those used in car bodies to replace steel and flexible polymers like those used in textiles to replace cotton or wool. To form a polymer, what is the minimum number of functional groups that the monomer must possess? Illustrate your answer to with the structure of a possible monomer. State two differences between addition and condensation polymerisation. The polymer formed from the co-polymerisation of the two monomers shown is known as Terylene. C benzene-1, 4-dicarboxylic acid ethane-1-2-diol CH2 H2C C O HO HO OH OH O The two monomers react by condensation polymerisation. What other molecule is formed in this reaction? Draw the structure of one repeat unit of Terylene. What is the name given to polymers containing the same functional group as Terylene? The monomers ethene and but-1-ene can also co-polymerise to form a polyalkene, but this does not produce a regular alternating structure like Terylene. Explain why this is the case, drawing diagrams if you wish.
9701_s11_qp_41
THEORY
2011
Paper 4, Variant 1
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Polyvinyl acetate, PVA, is a useful adhesive for gluing together articles made from wood, paper or cardboard. The monomer of PVA is ethenyl ethanoate, B. CH3 B O O PVA is formed from B by the process of addition polymerisation. Draw a section of the PVA molecule containing at least 2 monomer molecules, and identify clearly the repeat unit. The ester B can be hydrolysed in the usual way, according to the following equation. CH3 B C (C2H4O) O O O + H2O + CH3 OH Use this information to suggest a possible structure for C and draw it in the box above. When substance C is extracted from the product mixture, it is found that it does not decolourise Br2, but it does form a pale yellow precipitate with alkaline aqueous iodine. Suggest a structure for C that fits this new information. Suggest a confirmatory test for the functional group in the structure you have drawn in . Your answer should include the reagent you would use and the observation you would make. The following diagram represents a section of another polymer. D O O O O O O O O O On the above formula draw brackets, , around the atoms that make up the repeat unit of this polymer. Name the functional group in polymer D. Suggest and draw the structure of the monomer, E, that could form this polymer. What type of polymerisation is involved in making polymer D from its monomer? What is the relationship between the repeat unit of polymer D and the repeat unit of PVA? Monomer E exists as two stereoisomers. Heating either isomer with Al2O3 gives a mixture of two unsaturated carboxylic acids F and G, which are stereoisomers of each other. Name the type of stereoisomerism shown by compound E. Suggest structures for F and G, and name the type of stereoisomerism they show. E Al2O3 F + G type of isomerism
9701_s11_qp_42
THEORY
2011
Paper 4, Variant 2
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Polyvinyl acetate, PVA, is a useful adhesive for gluing together articles made from wood, paper or cardboard. The monomer of PVA is ethenyl ethanoate, B. CH3 B O O PVA is formed from B by the process of addition polymerisation. Draw a section of the PVA molecule containing at least 2 monomer molecules, and identify clearly the repeat unit. The ester B can be hydrolysed in the usual way, according to the following equation. CH3 B C (C2H4O) O O O + H2O + CH3 OH Use this information to suggest a possible structure for C and draw it in the box above. When substance C is extracted from the product mixture, it is found that it does not decolourise Br2, but it does form a pale yellow precipitate with alkaline aqueous iodine. Suggest a structure for C that fits this new information. Suggest a confirmatory test for the functional group in the structure you have drawn in . Your answer should include the reagent you would use and the observation you would make. The following diagram represents a section of another polymer. D O O O O O O O O O On the above formula draw brackets, , around the atoms that make up the repeat unit of this polymer. Name the functional group in polymer D. Suggest and draw the structure of the monomer, E, that could form this polymer. What type of polymerisation is involved in making polymer D from its monomer? What is the relationship between the repeat unit of polymer D and the repeat unit of PVA? Monomer E exists as two stereoisomers. Heating either isomer with Al2O3 gives a mixture of two unsaturated carboxylic acids F and G, which are stereoisomers of each other. Name the type of stereoisomerism shown by compound E. Suggest structures for F and G, and name the type of stereoisomerism they show. E Al2O3 F + G type of isomerism
9701_s11_qp_43
THEORY
2011
Paper 4, Variant 3
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