20.1. Addition polymerisation
A subsection of Chemistry, 9701, through 20. Polymerisation
Listing 10 of 116 questions
Compound P contains several functional groups. C C CN CN H Cl P Name the functional groups present in P. Compound P can be polymerised. Draw a section of the polymer of P showing two repeat units. Name the type of polymerisation. type of polymerisation Complete the following table to show the structures of the products formed and the typeoforganicreaction when P reacts with the four reagents. reagent structureof producttype of organic reaction excess Br2excess hot, concentrated, acidified MnO4 –excess hot HCl excess H2 / Pt catalyst
9701_w17_qp_41
THEORY
2017
Paper 4, Variant 1
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Compound P contains several functional groups. C C CN CN H Cl P Name the functional groups present in P. Compound P can be polymerised. Draw a section of the polymer of P showing two repeat units. Name the type of polymerisation. type of polymerisation Complete the following table to show the structures of the products formed and the typeoforganicreaction when P reacts with the four reagents. reagent structureof producttype of organic reaction excess Br2excess hot, concentrated, acidified MnO4 –excess hot HCl excess H2 / Pt catalyst
9701_w17_qp_43
THEORY
2017
Paper 4, Variant 3
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Polyhydroxyamide is a fire-resistant polyamide which is formed from the two monomers, F and G. HO2C CO2H F H2N NH2 OH G Predict the number of peaks that will be seen in the carbon-13 NMR spectra of F and G. number of peaks F G  Draw the repeat unit of polyhydroxyamide. The amide bond should be shown displayed.  When polyis formed from ethene, many bonds are broken and formed. Place one tick () in each row of the table to indicate the types of bonds broken and formed in this process. σ-bonds only π-bonds only both σ- and π-bonds bonds broken bonds formed  Addition polymers can be classified into two types. ● ● homopolymer - a polymer made up of the same monomer unit ● ● copolymer - a polymer made up of two or more different monomer units The reaction of propene, CH3CH=CH2, with phenylethene, C6H5CH=CH2, gives a copolymer. Draw a length of the chain of this copolymer that contains one molecule of each monomer.  Polyalkenes biodegrade very slowly. Explain why by referring to the structures of the polymers. Some polymers will degrade in the environment. Describe two processes by which this occurs.  
9701_w18_qp_41
THEORY
2018
Paper 4, Variant 1
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Polyurethanes are polymers made by the reaction of a diisocyanate with a diol as shown. R1 and R2 are hydrocarbon groups. C O N H N H R1 R2 O O C C N N R1 R2 OH HO a diol C O O O + a diisocyanate a polyurethane Lycra® is a polyurethane formed from the diisocyanateP and HOCH2CH2OH. N CH2 P N C O C O Give the molecular formula for P. Draw the repeat unit of Lycra®.  Fibres of Lycra® are strong due to the intermolecular forces between the polymer chains. Complete the table to identify two intermolecular forces responsible for this property and the groupinvolved. intermolecular force groupinvolved  Name one example of each of the following types of polymer. type of polymer example synthetic polyamide synthetic polyester conducting polymer non-solvent based adhesive  
9701_w18_qp_42
THEORY
2018
Paper 4, Variant 2
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Polyhydroxyamide is a fire-resistant polyamide which is formed from the two monomers, F and G. HO2C CO2H F H2N NH2 OH G Predict the number of peaks that will be seen in the carbon-13 NMR spectra of F and G. number of peaks F G  Draw the repeat unit of polyhydroxyamide. The amide bond should be shown displayed.  When polyis formed from ethene, many bonds are broken and formed. Place one tick () in each row of the table to indicate the types of bonds broken and formed in this process. σ-bonds only π-bonds only both σ- and π-bonds bonds broken bonds formed  Addition polymers can be classified into two types. ● ● homopolymer - a polymer made up of the same monomer unit ● ● copolymer - a polymer made up of two or more different monomer units The reaction of propene, CH3CH=CH2, with phenylethene, C6H5CH=CH2, gives a copolymer. Draw a length of the chain of this copolymer that contains one molecule of each monomer.  Polyalkenes biodegrade very slowly. Explain why by referring to the structures of the polymers. Some polymers will degrade in the environment. Describe two processes by which this occurs.  
9701_w18_qp_43
THEORY
2018
Paper 4, Variant 3
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A polymer, P, can be made from the monomers benzene‑1,4‑dioyl chloride and benzene‑1,3‑diamine. C benzene-1,4-dioyl chloride benzene-1,3-diamine C O O Cl Cl H2N NH2 Draw a section of the polymer chain of P. Your structure should include two repeat units. P  Place one tick in the table to describe polymer P and its method of polymerisation. type of polymer type of polymerisation addition condensation polyalkene polyamide polyester  State whether or not polymer P is biodegradable. Give a reason for your answer. State a suitable reagent to produce benzene‑1,4‑dioyl chloride from benzene‑1,4‑dicarboxylic acid. Benzene‑1,3‑diamine can be made from benzene using the reaction sequence shown. H2N NH2 O2N NO2 O2N step 1 step 2 step 3 State the reagents used for steps 1 and 3. step 1 step 3  Proteins are natural polymers. A protein is said to have a primary, secondary and tertiary structure. Describe what is meant by each of these terms. primary structure secondary structure tertiary structure  Name the forces or bonds responsible for holding together the primary structure of a protein molecule. Name the forces or bonds responsible for the stabilisation of the secondary structure of a protein molecule, and identify the groups of atoms within the protein molecule that are held together by these forces or bonds. 
9701_w19_qp_42
THEORY
2019
Paper 4, Variant 2
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The table shows three pairs of monomers that are capable of polymerisation. Complete the table by identifying each type of polymerisation. pair of monomers type of polymerisation HOCH2CH2OH and HO2CCH2CO2H C O Cl O Cl C HO OH and CH3CHCF2 and CH3CHCH2  2‑aminopropanoic acid, CH3CH(NH2)CO2H, can polymerise under suitable conditions. No other monomer is involved in this reaction. Draw a section of the polymer chain formed including three monomer residues. Clearly identify one repeat unit on your diagram.  2‑aminopropanoic acid, CH3CH(NH2)CO2H, exists as two stereoisomers. Draw three-dimensional diagrams to show the two stereoisomers of 2‑aminopropanoicacid. State the type of stereoisomerism shown. type of stereoisomerism  The skeletal formula of compoundW is shown. O O When W is mixed with a second compound, called a hardener, a polymerisation reaction occurs, producing a non-solvent-based adhesive. Give the name of this type of non-solvent-based adhesive. The hardener is a diamine. A diamine has an alkyl chain with two amine groups which are not bonded to the same carbon atom. Draw the structural formula of a compound that would make a suitable hardener.  
9701_w20_qp_41
THEORY
2020
Paper 4, Variant 1
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The table shows three pairs of monomers that are capable of polymerisation. Complete the table by identifying each type of polymerisation. pair of monomers type of polymerisation HOCH2CH2OH and HO2CCH2CO2H C O Cl O Cl C HO OH and CH3CHCF2 and CH3CHCH2  2‑aminopropanoic acid, CH3CH(NH2)CO2H, can polymerise under suitable conditions. No other monomer is involved in this reaction. Draw a section of the polymer chain formed including three monomer residues. Clearly identify one repeat unit on your diagram.  2‑aminopropanoic acid, CH3CH(NH2)CO2H, exists as two stereoisomers. Draw three-dimensional diagrams to show the two stereoisomers of 2‑aminopropanoicacid. State the type of stereoisomerism shown. type of stereoisomerism  The skeletal formula of compoundW is shown. O O When W is mixed with a second compound, called a hardener, a polymerisation reaction occurs, producing a non-solvent-based adhesive. Give the name of this type of non-solvent-based adhesive. The hardener is a diamine. A diamine has an alkyl chain with two amine groups which are not bonded to the same carbon atom. Draw the structural formula of a compound that would make a suitable hardener.  
9701_w20_qp_43
THEORY
2020
Paper 4, Variant 3
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