21.1. Organic synthesis
A subsection of Chemistry, 9701, through 21. Organic synthesis
Listing 10 of 83 questions
Butylamine, CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2, can be synthesised from different organic compounds by using suitable reagents. Each reaction involves one step. Complete the table to describe three different syntheses. ●One of the three syntheses should involve a nucleophilic substitution reaction. ●The starting organic compound for each synthesis should contain a different functional group. ●A different reagent should be used for each synthesis. starting organic compound reagent and conditions  Compare and explain the relative basicities of ammonia, butylamine and phenylamine. > > most basic least basic
9701_w21_qp_42
THEORY
2021
Paper 4, Variant 2
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Sunset Yellow is an additive used for colouring foods. A synthetic route for making Sunset Yellow is shown. Molecules E and G each contain one –SO – 3 group. These groups are unchanged in the formation of Sunset Yellow. HOC10H6SO3 – – O3SC6H4NH2 E F G step 1 step 2 HO –O3S SO3 – Sunset Yellow anion N N State the molecular formula of the Sunset Yellow anion. Deduce the structures of E, F and G and draw them in the boxes in . Suggest suitable reagents and conditions for step 1 and 2. step 1 step 2 Predict the number of peaks in the carbon-13 NMR spectrum of the Sunset Yellow anion.
9701_w23_qp_41
THEORY
2023
Paper 4, Variant 1
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Sunset Yellow is an additive used for colouring foods. A synthetic route for making Sunset Yellow is shown. Molecules E and G each contain one –SO – 3 group. These groups are unchanged in the formation of Sunset Yellow. HOC10H6SO3 – – O3SC6H4NH2 E F G step 1 step 2 HO –O3S SO3 – Sunset Yellow anion N N State the molecular formula of the Sunset Yellow anion. Deduce the structures of E, F and G and draw them in the boxes in . Suggest suitable reagents and conditions for step 1 and 2. step 1 step 2 Predict the number of peaks in the carbon-13 NMR spectrum of the Sunset Yellow anion.
9701_w23_qp_43
THEORY
2023
Paper 4, Variant 3
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An aqueous solution of phenol, C6H5OH, is acidic at 298 K. Explain why phenol is more acidic than water. Name the two products formed when phenol reacts with an excess of Br2. and Draw the structures of the two isomeric organic products, with Mr = 139, that are formed when phenol reacts with HNO3at room temperature. Write the equation for the reaction between phenol, C6H5OH, and sodium metal. Phenol can be produced from phenylamine in a two-step synthesis. phenylamine intermediate compound phenol Describe the reagents and conditions needed in each step. step one: reagents conditions step two: reagents conditions step one step two
9701_w24_qp_41
THEORY
2024
Paper 4, Variant 1
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An aqueous solution of phenol, C6H5OH, is acidic at 298 K. Explain why phenol is more acidic than water. Name the two products formed when phenol reacts with an excess of Br2. and Draw the structures of the two isomeric organic products, with Mr = 139, that are formed when phenol reacts with HNO3at room temperature. Write the equation for the reaction between phenol, C6H5OH, and sodium metal. Phenol can be produced from phenylamine in a two-step synthesis. phenylamine intermediate compound phenol Describe the reagents and conditions needed in each step. step one: reagents conditions step two: reagents conditions step one step two
9701_w24_qp_43
THEORY
2024
Paper 4, Variant 3
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Compound H can be synthesised from benzene as shown. step 1 step 3 step 2 Cl 2intermediate G compound H NH2 State the reagents and conditions needed for step 1. reagents conditions Step2 takes place in the presence of chlorine gas. State the conditions for this reaction. Draw the structure of intermediate G in the box. State the reagents and conditions needed for step 3. reagents conditions Write an equation to show how compound H, C10H13NH2, behaves as a base. Compare the relative basicities of ammonia, phenylamine and compound H. Explain your answer.
9701_m17_qp_42
THEORY
2017
Paper 4, Variant 2
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Questions Discovered
83