22. Analytical techniques
A section of Chemistry, 9701
Listing 10 of 112 questions
CompoundF has been found in small quantities in some cereals and dried fruit. O O F OH Cl O N H O O A B Give the name of the functional groups labelled A and B. A B  State the number of chiral carbon atoms in one molecule of F. F can be hydrolysed by heating with an excess of dilute hydrochloricacid, as shown. Three products are formed: G and two others. O O F OH Cl O N H O O Cl excess dilute HCl + + O O G OH OH HO OH Draw the structures of the other products of the reaction in the boxes provided. CompoundH is formed in one step of a different synthesis, as shown. O O OH OH HO O O H OH Cl OH HO Cl 2 and FeCl 3 State the role of FeCl 3 in this step. Use the Data Booklet to suggest two reasons why the chlorine atom in compound H substitutes into the ring at the position shown, instead of the other positions in the ring.  CompoundJ, CxHyOz, is also found in some cereals. Part of the mass spectrum of J is shown. The M and M+1 peaks are labelled, along with their relative intensities. relative intensity m/e M, relative intensity 100.0 M+1, relative intensity 14.4 Calculate the number of carbon atoms, x, present in J.  x = The mass spectrum has a peak at m/e = 205. Suggest the identity of the fragment lost from J to form this peak. 
9701_m20_qp_42
THEORY
2020
Paper 4, Variant 2
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Procaine is used as an anaesthetic in medicine. It can be synthesised from methylbenzene in fivesteps as shown in Fig.7.1. CH3 methylbenzene COOH NO2 COCl NO2 C O O CH2CH2N(CH2CH3)2 NO2 X steps 1 and 2 step 3 step 5 step 4 SOCl 2 C procaine O O CH2CH2N(CH2CH3)2 NH2 Name all the functional groups present in procaine. A molecule of procaine has 13 carbon atoms. State the number of carbon atoms that are sp, sp2 and sp3 hybridised in procaine. sp carbons = sp2 carbons = sp3 carbons =  The proton (1H) NMR spectrum of procaine dissolved in D2O is recorded. Predict the number of peaks observed. State why procaine can act as a base. CompoundX can be synthesised in two steps from methylbenzene. CH3 methylbenzene COOH NO2 X W step 1 step 2 Draw the structure of compoundW in the box provided. State the reagents and conditions for step1 and step2. step 1 step 2  Procaine is synthesised in three steps from X. Suggest the reagents and conditions for step4 and for step5 in . step 4 step 5  Explain what is meant by partition coefficient, Kpc. The partition coefficient of procaine between octan-1-ol and water is 1.77. Octan-1-ol and water are immiscible. A solution containing 0.500 g of procaine in 75.0 cm3 of water is shaken with 50.0 cm3 of octan‑1‑ol. Calculate the mass of procaine that is extracted into the octan‑1‑ol.  mass of procaine extracted = g 
9701_s22_qp_41
THEORY
2022
Paper 4, Variant 1
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Procaine is used as an anaesthetic in medicine. It can be synthesised from methylbenzene in fivesteps as shown in Fig.7.1. CH3 methylbenzene COOH NO2 COCl NO2 C O O CH2CH2N(CH2CH3)2 NO2 X steps 1 and 2 step 3 step 5 step 4 SOCl 2 C procaine O O CH2CH2N(CH2CH3)2 NH2 Name all the functional groups present in procaine. A molecule of procaine has 13 carbon atoms. State the number of carbon atoms that are sp, sp2 and sp3 hybridised in procaine. sp carbons = sp2 carbons = sp3 carbons =  The proton (1H) NMR spectrum of procaine dissolved in D2O is recorded. Predict the number of peaks observed. State why procaine can act as a base. CompoundX can be synthesised in two steps from methylbenzene. CH3 methylbenzene COOH NO2 X W step 1 step 2 Draw the structure of compoundW in the box provided. State the reagents and conditions for step1 and step2. step 1 step 2  Procaine is synthesised in three steps from X. Suggest the reagents and conditions for step4 and for step5 in . step 4 step 5  Explain what is meant by partition coefficient, Kpc. The partition coefficient of procaine between octan-1-ol and water is 1.77. Octan-1-ol and water are immiscible. A solution containing 0.500 g of procaine in 75.0 cm3 of water is shaken with 50.0 cm3 of octan‑1‑ol. Calculate the mass of procaine that is extracted into the octan‑1‑ol.  mass of procaine extracted = g 
9701_s22_qp_43
THEORY
2022
Paper 4, Variant 3
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Questions Discovered
112