9. The Periodic Table: chemical periodicity
A section of Chemistry, 9701
Listing 10 of 288 questions
Use the following sets of axes to sketch graphs of the variations in the melting points and the electrical conductivities of the Group IV elements. Explain how the variation in conductivity is related to the structure and bonding in the elements. Going down Group IV there is a variation in the relative stabilities of the higher and lower oxidation states of the elements in their oxides. Illustrating your answers with balanced chemical equations, in each of the following cases suggest one piece of chemical evidence to show that CO is less stable than CO2, PbO is more stable than PbO2. C low medium high melting point electric conductivity Si Ge Sn Pb C low medium high Si Ge Sn Pb Use Name one ceramic based on silicon(oxide, and explain what properties of the oxide make it suitable for this use. Tin(oxide reacts with both acids and alkalis. What name is given to this property of an oxide? Write suitable equations to show these two reactions of tin(oxide. Examiner’s Use
9701_w05_qp_4
THEORY
2005
Paper 4, Variant 0
View
Put the following items in order of increasing size. Use the number 1 to indicate the smallest and 3 to indicate the largest. length of DNA molecule in a chromosome nanosphere diameter cell diameter Nanotechnology has an increasing range of uses across a number of fields including sport. For example, golf clubs are now being made using nanomaterials. cross-section of normal golf club shaft cross-section of golf club shaft with nanomaterial fill Use the diagrams above and your knowledge of nanomaterials to suggest two properties of the new shafts. Explain your answers. A mixture of nano-sized particles of tungsten and vanadium(oxide can be applied to the surface of windows and reflects heat whilst letting all light in the visible range through. Suggest how this variable reflective property is possible using nano-sized particles. Although silver is well-known as a precious metal, its medicinal properties have been used for hundreds of years. In ancient Greece silver was used to purify water and until the development of antibiotics, silver was important in the treatment of large wounds. What property of silver makes it useful for jewellery? Suggest the property of silver that makes it useful in the treatment of large wounds. Suggest why nano-sized silver particles are more useful in treating wounds.
9701_w09_qp_42
THEORY
2009
Paper 4, Variant 2
View
The Periodic Table we currently use is derived directly from that proposed in 1869 by Mendeleev who had noticed patterns in the physical and chemical properties of the elements he had studied. The diagram below shows the first ionisation energies of the first 18 elements of the Periodic Table. first ionisation energy / kJ mol–1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 proton number 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 H He Ne Na Ar Li Give the equation, including state symbols, for the first ionisation energy of sulfur. Explain why there is a general increase in first ionisation energies across the Period from sodium to argon. Explain why the first ionisation energy of magnesium is greater than that of aluminium. Explain why the first ionisation energy of phosphorus is greater than that of sulfur. The table below refers to the elements of the third Period sodium to sulfur and is incomplete. element Na Mg Al Si P S conductivity high melting point high Complete the ‘conductivity’ row by using only the words ‘high’, ‘moderate’ or ‘low’. Complete the ‘melting point’ row by using only the words ‘high’ or ‘low’. When Mendeleev published his first Periodic Table, he left gaps for elements that had yet to be discovered. He also predicted some of the physical and chemical properties of these undiscovered elements. For one element, E, he correctly predicted the following properties. melting point of the element high melting point of the oxide high boiling point of the chloride low The element E was in the fourth Period and was one of the elements from gallium, proton number 31, to bromine, proton number 35. By considering the properties of the third Period elements aluminium to chlorine, suggest the identity of the fourth Period element E.
9701_w11_qp_21
THEORY
2011
Paper 2, Variant 1
View
The Periodic Table we currently use is derived directly from that proposed in 1869 by Mendeleev who had noticed patterns in the physical and chemical properties of the elements he had studied. The diagram below shows the first ionisation energies of the first 18 elements of the Periodic Table. first ionisation energy / kJ mol–1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 proton number 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 H He Ne Na Ar Li Give the equation, including state symbols, for the first ionisation energy of sulfur. Explain why there is a general increase in first ionisation energies across the Period from sodium to argon. Explain why the first ionisation energy of magnesium is greater than that of aluminium. Explain why the first ionisation energy of phosphorus is greater than that of sulfur. The table below refers to the elements of the third Period sodium to sulfur and is incomplete. element Na Mg Al Si P S conductivity high melting point high Complete the ‘conductivity’ row by using only the words ‘high’, ‘moderate’ or ‘low’. Complete the ‘melting point’ row by using only the words ‘high’ or ‘low’. When Mendeleev published his first Periodic Table, he left gaps for elements that had yet to be discovered. He also predicted some of the physical and chemical properties of these undiscovered elements. For one element, E, he correctly predicted the following properties. melting point of the element high melting point of the oxide high boiling point of the chloride low The element E was in the fourth Period and was one of the elements from gallium, proton number 31, to bromine, proton number 35. By considering the properties of the third Period elements aluminium to chlorine, suggest the identity of the fourth Period element E.
9701_w11_qp_22
THEORY
2011
Paper 2, Variant 2
View
Questions Discovered
288