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11. Organic chemistry
A section of Chemistry, 0620
Listing 10 of 1367 questions
Monomers polymerise to form polymers or macromolecules. Explain the term polymerise. There are two types of polymerisation - addition and condensation. What is the difference between them? An important monomer is chloroethene which has the structural formula shown below. C C H Cl H H It is made by the following method. C2H4 + Cl 2 → C2H4 Cl 2 dichloroethane This is heated to make chloroethene. C2H4Cl 2 → C2H3Cl + HCl Ethene is made by cracking alkanes. Complete the equation for cracking dodecane. C12H26 → + 2C2H4 Another method of making dichloroethane is from ethane. C2H6 + 2Cl 2 → C2H4Cl 2 + 2HCl Suggest a reason why the method using ethene is preferred. Describe an industrial method of making chlorine. Draw the structural formula of poly. Include three monomer units.
0620_w10_qp_31
THEORY
2010
Paper 3, Variant 1
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Synthetic polymers are widely used in the modern world. Their use has brought considerable advantages to modern life as well as some disadvantages. Suggest two advantages of a plastic bucket compared to a steel bucket. Name two uses of man-made fi bres, such as nylon and Terylene. Describe the pollution caused by synthetic polymers. One type of polymer is formed by addition polymerisation. The structural formula of an addition polymer is given below. n CH CH3 CH2 Give the name and structural formula of the monomer. name of monomer structural formula of monomer Draw the structural formula of the addition polymer formed by the polymerisation of phenylethene. The structural formula of phenylethene is given below. C C H H C6H5 H Nylon is made by condensation polymerisation. It has the structural formula shown below. C (CH2)8 (CH2)6 O O C N H N H Name the linkage in this polymer. Name the natural macromolecules which have the same linkage. Deduce the formulae of the two monomers which reacted to form the nylon and water. monomer monomer
0620_w10_qp_33
THEORY
2010
Paper 3, Variant 3
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Synthetic polyamides are made by condensation polymerisation. What is meant by the term condensation polymerisation? Name another type of polymerisation. One repeat unit of a synthetic polyamide is represented by the following structure. C O C O N H N H Draw a ring around the amide link. Complete the diagrams to show the structures of the monomers used to produce the synthetic polyamide. Show all the missing atoms and bonds. C C N N Name an example of a synthetic polyamide. Proteins and synthetic polyamides have similarities and differences. Name the type of compounds that are the monomers used to make up proteins. Starting with a sample of protein, describe how to produce, separate, detect and identify the monomers which make it up. Your answer should include • the name of the process used to break down the protein into its monomers, • the name of the process used to separate the monomers, • the method used to detect the monomers after they have been separated, • the method used to identify the monomers after they have been separated.
0620_w16_qp_43
THEORY
2016
Paper 4, Variant 3
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