11. Organic chemistry
A section of Chemistry, 0620
Listing 10 of 1367 questions
Ethane, C2H6, is a member of the homologous series called alkanes. Ethanol, C2H5OH, is a member of the homologous series called alcohols. Alkanes are hydrocarbons. What is meant by the term hydrocarbon? All members of a homologous series can be represented by a general formula. State the general formula of: ● alkanes ● alcohols State two characteristics, other than having the same general formula, of members of a homologous series. Ethane can react with chlorine in a substitution reaction. State one essential reaction condition. Draw the structure of the organic product formed by substitution of one of the hydrogen atoms in ethane with chlorine. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.  Name the product of the substitution reaction between ethane and chlorine that does not contain carbon. Propan-1-ol is an alcohol. The structure of propan-1-ol is shown. C H H H C H H C H H O H Propan-1-ol reacts with ethanoicacid to form an ester. Give the name of the ester formed in this reaction. EsterY has the structure shown. C H H H C H H H H C C H ester Y H O C O H Give the molecular formula of esterY. Draw the structures of the carboxylic acid and the alcohol used to make esterY. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds. Give the name of the carboxylic acid and the alcohol. structure of the carboxylic acid name of the carboxylic acid structure of the alcohol name of the alcohol Nylon is a polyamide. Complete the diagram to show the structure of nylon. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds present in the linkages.
0620_w18_qp_41
THEORY
2018
Paper 4, Variant 1
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Alkynes are a homologous series of unsaturated hydrocarbons. All members contain a C≡C triple bond. Complete the table showing information about the first three alkynes. formula C2H2 C3H4 structure H–C≡C–H H–C≡C–CH3 H–C≡C–CH2–CH3 name ethyne butyne  Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of ethyne, H–C≡C–H. Show outer shell electrons only. H H C C  Compounds in the same homologous series have the same general formula. Give two other characteristics of members of a homologous series.  Use the information in the table in to deduce the general formula of alkynes. Alkynes are unsaturated. Describe a test for unsaturation. test result  Name an oxidising agent which can be used to oxidise ethanol to ethanoic acid. Draw the structure of ethanoicacid. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.  Carboxylic acids can be converted into esters. The ester formed by reacting propanoic acid and methanol has the molecular formula C4H8O2. Name this ester and draw its structure. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds. name of the ester structure of the ester  Name another ester with the molecular formula C4H8O2. Polyesters are polymers. What type of polymerisation is used in the manufacture of polyesters? Name a polyester. 
0620_w18_qp_42
THEORY
2018
Paper 4, Variant 2
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Part of the structure of synthetic polymerA is shown. C CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 C CH3 CH3 C CH3 CH3 C CH3 CH3 C CH3 CH3 C What type of synthetic polymer is A? Deduce the empirical formula of polymerA. Draw the structure of the monomer from which polymerA is made.  The formula C4H10 represents two different structural isomers. What is meant by the term structural isomers? Draw the structures of two structural isomers with the formula C4H10. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.  All structural isomers of C4H10 are flammable. Write a chemical equation for the incomplete combustion of C4H10. 
0620_w19_qp_41
THEORY
2019
Paper 4, Variant 1
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