describe the mechanism of the nucleophilic addition reactions of hydrogen cyanide with aldehydes and ketones in 17.1.2(b)
describe the following nucleophilic substitution reactions: (a) the reaction with NaOH(aq) and heat to produce an alcohol (b) the reaction with KCN in ethanol and heat to produce a nitrile (c) the reaction with \( NH_3 \) in ethanol heated under pressure to produce an amine (d) the reaction with aqueous silver nitrate in ethanol as a method of identifying the halogen present as exemplified by bromoethane
use the concept of electronegativity to explain bond polarity and dipole moments of molecules