state that, in general, ionic, covalent and metallic bonding are stronger than intermolecular forces

understand the general unreactivity of alkanes, including towards polar reagents in terms of the strength of the C–H bonds and their relative lack of polarity

(a) define the terms: - bond energy as the energy required to break one mole of a particular covalent bond in the gaseous state - bond length as the internuclear distance of two covalently bonded atoms (b) use bond energy values and the concept of bond length to compare the reactivity of covalent molecules