deduce the type of structure and bonding present in a substance from given information
(a) describe van der Waals’ forces as the intermolecular forces between molecular entities other than those due to bond formation, and use the term van der Waals’ forces as a generic term to describe all intermolecular forces (b) describe the types of van der Waals’ forces: • instantaneous dipole–induced dipole (id-id) forces, also called London dispersion forces • permanent dipole–permanent dipole (pd-pd) forces, including hydrogen bonding (c) describe hydrogen bonding and understand that hydrogen bonding is a special case of permanent dipole–permanent dipole forces between molecules where hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative atom