(a) describe hydrogen bonding, limited to molecules containing N–H and O–H groups, including ammonia and water as simple examples (b) use the concept of hydrogen bonding to explain the anomalous properties of H\(_2\)O (ice and water): • its relatively high melting and boiling points • its relatively high surface tension • the density of the solid ice compared with the liquid water
describe the relative thermal stabilities of the hydrogen halides and explain these in terms of bond strengths
describe, interpret and predict the effect of different types of structure and bonding on the physical properties of substances, including melting point, boiling point, electrical conductivity and solubility