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1

The photomicrograph shows a transverse section through a leaf. ×50 sunken stomata two layers of epithelium thick cuticle small surface area to volume Which features of a xerophytic leaf are visible in this section?

7. Transport in plants  →  7.1. Structure of transport tissues

7. Transport in plants  →  7.2. Transport mechanisms

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2

What determines the rate of water movement from the roots to the leaves?

4. Cell membranes and transport  →  4.2. Movement into and out of cells

7. Transport in plants  →  7.2. Transport mechanisms

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3

Which shows the correct structure of mature xylem vessel elements and phloem sieve tube elements?

7. Transport in plants  →  7.1. Structure of transport tissues

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4

The diagram shows some adjacent cells from the root of a plant. Which is the apoplastic pathway of water movement?

7. Transport in plants  →  7.2. Transport mechanisms

4. Cell membranes and transport  →  4.2. Movement into and out of cells

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5

Water is important to living organisms because it A acts as an excellent solvent for transport of dissolved glucose and urea. B becomes more dense in its solid form, ice, than its liquid state. C is used in condensation reactions to synthesise macromolecules. D requires a small increase in heat energy to raise its temperature.

2. Biological molecules  →  2.4. Water

8. Transport in mammals  →  8.1. The circulatory system

12. Energy and respiration  →  12.1. Energy

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6

The diagram shows the valves inside the heart. Which valves are open or closed when the atria are relaxed and the ventricles contracted?

8. Transport in mammals  →  8.3. The heart

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7

The mammalian circulatory system is described as a closed double circulation. The diagram shows the circulatory system in a different organism. The arrows show the direction of blood flow in the vessels. ventricle atrium lung gill How is the circulatory system in this organism described?

8. Transport in mammals  →  8.1. The circulatory system

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8

Which molecules, found in the cell surface membrane, have the properties listed?

4. Cell membranes and transport  →  4.1. Fluid mosaic membranes

2. Biological molecules  →  2.2. Carbohydrates and lipids

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9

The stalk of a dandelion is a hollow tube. Pieces of the stalk are cut as shown...

4. Cell membranes and transport  →  4.2. Movement into and out of cells

7. Transport in plants  →  7.2. Transport mechanisms

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10

In an investigation, four sucrose solutions were separated from each other by partially permeable membranes. 1.1 mol dm–3 0.8 mol dm–3 0.5 mol dm–3 0.1 mol dm–3 Which shows the direction in which water will move between the solutions?

7. Transport in plants  →  7.2. Transport mechanisms

4. Cell membranes and transport  →  4.2. Movement into and out of cells

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11

The equation shows a reversible reaction. sucrase sucrose + water glucose + fructose In this reaction, on which molecule does an active site occur and what types of reaction occur at 1 and 2?

12. Energy and respiration  →  12.2. Respiration

2. Biological molecules  →  2.2. Carbohydrates and lipids

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12

Tests on a liquid give these results. test observation Benedict’s red biuret lilac iodine in potassium iodide solution orange What are present in the liquid?

2. Biological molecules  →  2.1. Testing for biological molecules

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13

Which linkages are found between the glucose units in cellulose?

2. Biological molecules  →  2.2. Carbohydrates and lipids

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14

Which diagram shows the bond linking the individual units of both cellulose and amylose?

2. Biological molecules  →  2.2. Carbohydrates and lipids

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15

Which statements about amylopectin and glycogen are correct?

2. Biological molecules  →  2.2. Carbohydrates and lipids

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16

What are the features of triglycerides?

2. Biological molecules  →  2.2. Carbohydrates and lipids

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17

The photomicrograph shows human blood, with three types of white cell labelled. R S T Which row correctly identifies these white cells?

8. Transport in mammals  →  8.1. The circulatory system

11. Immunity  →  11.1. The immune system

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18

The diagram shows part of the immune response. cell Q pathogen with chemical P on surface multiplication cell R with protein on surface to fit P What are P, Q and R?

11. Immunity  →  11.1. The immune system

11. Immunity  →  11.2. Antibodies and vaccination

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19

Which diseases can be cured by the use of antibiotics?

10. Infectious diseases  →  10.2. Antibiotics

10. Infectious diseases  →  10.1. Infectious diseases

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20

What could cause an outbreak of malaria in a country where it had been eliminated?

10. Infectious diseases  →  10.1. Infectious diseases

11. Immunity  →  11.2. Antibodies and vaccination

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21

When a body cell is infected by a pathogen, which describes a correct immune response?

11. Immunity  →  11.1. The immune system

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22

Which of the cell organelles, when appropriately stained, will be clearly visible under the high power (×400) of the light microscope?

1. Cell structure  →  1.1. The microscope in cell studies

1. Cell structure  →  1.2. Cells as the basic units of living organisms

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23

The graticule and stage micrometer are used to measure cells. Which is the correct reason why the graticule calibrated?

1. Cell structure  →  1.1. The microscope in cell studies

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24

The diagram shows a stage micrometer, with divisions 0.1 mm apart, viewed through an eyepiece containing a graticule. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 The same eyepiece is now used to examine a blood smear. How many graticule divisions will cover the diameter of a white cell of 10 µm?

1. Cell structure  →  1.1. The microscope in cell studies

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25

What are the characteristics of a prokaryotic cell?

1. Cell structure  →  1.2. Cells as the basic units of living organisms

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26

Which is correct about the organelles listed in the table?

1. Cell structure  →  1.2. Cells as the basic units of living organisms

12. Energy and respiration  →  12.2. Respiration

6. Nucleic acids and protein synthesis  →  6.2. Protein synthesis

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27

The graph shows the course of an enzyme-catalysed reaction at 30 °C. concentration of product time X What is true at time X?

3. Enzymes  →  3.1. Mode of action of enzymes

3. Enzymes  →  3.2. Factors that affect enzyme action

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28

The rate of enzyme-catalysed reactions in human cells is regulated. Which may be involved in such regulation?

3. Enzymes  →  3.2. Factors that affect enzyme action

3. Enzymes  →  3.1. Mode of action of enzymes

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29

The table shows the role of four different proteins involved in DNA replication. protein helicase topoisomerase single-strand binding protein DNA polymerase role unwinds the parental DNA double helix breaks and rejoins the DNA strands binds to separated DNA strands to stabilise them synthesises strand of DNA Which shows the function of these proteins?

6. Nucleic acids and protein synthesis  →  6.1. Structure of nucleic acids and replication of DNA

6. Nucleic acids and protein synthesis  →  6.2. Protein synthesis

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30

Male bees are haploid. They develop from unfertilised eggs. Female bees are diploid. Which statements are correct?

16. Inheritance  →  16.1. Passage of information from parents to offspring

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31

Which statement describes the semi-conservative replication of DNA?

6. Nucleic acids and protein synthesis  →  6.1. Structure of nucleic acids and replication of DNA

5. The mitotic cell cycle  →  5.1. Replication and division of nuclei and cells

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32

What describes the behaviour of the nuclear envelope and the cell membrane during mitosis?

5. The mitotic cell cycle  →  5.2. Chromosome behaviour in mitosis

5. The mitotic cell cycle  →  5.1. Replication and division of nuclei and cells

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33

DNA was extracted from the salivary glands of a fruit fly and a human cheek cell. In which way did the DNA molecules differ?

6. Nucleic acids and protein synthesis  →  6.1. Structure of nucleic acids and replication of DNA

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34

The table shows the percentages of nitrogenous bases in four samples of nucleic acids. Which base is adenine?

6. Nucleic acids and protein synthesis  →  6.1. Structure of nucleic acids and replication of DNA

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35

The diagram shows the volume of air breathed in and out while a person is breathing normally when at rest. They breathe out the deepest breath they can and then breathe in as much as they can before breathing normally again. time lung volume Which points would you use to calculate the vital capacity?

9. Gas exchange  →  9.1. The gas exchange system

8. Transport in mammals  →  8.2. Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide

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36

Which tissues are present in the walls of a trachea and an alveolus?

9. Gas exchange  →  9.1. The gas exchange system

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37

How does nicotine in cigarette smoke increase the risk of cardiac disease?

8. Transport in mammals  →  8.3. The heart

12. Energy and respiration  →  12.2. Respiration

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38

The diagram represents the flow of energy through a tropical rainforest ecosystem. producers detritus decomposers Sun primary consumers secondary consumers W X respiration respiration respiration Z Y Which set of figures identifies the percentage transfer of energy between the Sun, producers, consumers and decomposers?

13. Photosynthesis  →  13.1. Photosynthesis as an energy transfer process

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39

A farmer grows a different crop in a field each year for three years. In the fourth year the farmer plants a leguminous crop and then ploughs this into the soil. The next year the rotation starts again. Which microorganisms will increase by the time the rotation starts again?

17. Selection and evolution  →  17.2. Natural and artificial selection

18. Classification, biodiversity and conservation  →  18.1. Classification

13. Photosynthesis  →  13.2. Investigation of limiting factors

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40

The table shows the results of a field study of four species in a food chain in an area of woodland. species number of individuals biomass of one individual / arbitrary units energy value per unit mass / arbitrary units P 10 000 0.100 1.0 Q 10.000 2.0 R 0.002 1.8 S 300 000.000 0.5 Which is the correct pyramid of energy from these data?

18. Classification, biodiversity and conservation  →  18.2. Biodiversity

12. Energy and respiration  →  12.1. Energy

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