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1

0.200 mol of a hydrocarbon undergo complete combustion to give 35.2 g of carbon dioxide and 14.4 g of water as the only products. What is the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon?

13. An introduction to AS Level organic chemistry  →  13.1. Formulas, functional groups and the naming of organic compounds

2. Atoms, molecules and stoichiometry  →  2.4. Reacting masses and volumes (of solutions and gases)

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2

Use of the Data Booklet is relevant to this question. The graph represents the variation of a property of the Group II elements. Be Mg Ca Sr Ba property What is this property?

1. Atomic structure  →  1.4. Ionisation energy

11. Group 17  →  11.1. Physical properties of the Group 17 elements

1. Atomic structure  →  1.1. Particles in the atom and atomic radius

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3

The antidote molecule shown...

13. An introduction to AS Level organic chemistry  →  13.3. Shapes of organic molecules; σ and π bonds

3. Chemical bonding  →  3.5. Shapes of molecules

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4

Which molecule has the largest overall dipole?

13. An introduction to AS Level organic chemistry  →  13.3. Shapes of organic molecules; σ and π bonds

3. Chemical bonding  →  3.6. Intermolecular forces, electronegativity and bond properties

15. Halogen compounds  →  15.1. Halogenoalkanes

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5

The first stage in the industrial production of nitric acid from ammonia can be represented by the following equation. 4NH3+ 5O24NO+ 6H2OUsing the following standard enthalpy change of formation data, what is the value of the standard enthalpy change, ∆Ho, for this reaction?

5. Chemical energetics  →  5.1. Enthalpy change, \(\Delta H\)

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6

Which conversion involves a reduction of chromium?

6. Electrochemistry  →  6.1. Redox processes: electron transfer and changes in oxidation number (oxidation state)

11. Group 17  →  11.4. The reactions of chlorine

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7

The equilibrium N2+ O22NO∆H = +180 kJ mol–1 contributes to a series of reactions producing photochemical smog. Which factors would affect the value of Kp of the above equilibrium?

7. Equilibria  →  7.1. Chemical equilibria: reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium

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8

PCl5 dissociates as follows. PCl5→ PCl3+ Cl2The extent of dissociation is 13 % at 160 °C and 100 % at 300 °C. Which pair of statements about this formation of PCl3 is correct?

5. Chemical energetics  →  5.1. Enthalpy change, \(\Delta H\)

11. Group 17  →  11.4. The reactions of chlorine

14. Hydrocarbons  →  14.2. Alkenes

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9

Four reactions of the type shown...

5. Chemical energetics  →  5.1. Enthalpy change, \(\Delta H\)

8. Reaction kinetics  →  8.2. Effect of temperature on reaction rates and the concept of activation energy

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10

Photochromic glass, used for sunglasses, darkens when exposed to bright light and becomes more transparent again when the light is less bright. The depth of colour of the glass is related to the concentration of silver atoms. The following reactions are involved. reaction 1 Ag+ + Cl – Ag + Cl reaction 2 Cu+ + Cl → Cu2+ + Cl – reaction 3 Cu2+ + Ag → Cu+ + Ag+ Which statement about these reactions is correct?

11. Group 17  →  11.3. Some reactions of the halide ions

11. Group 17  →  11.4. The reactions of chlorine

15. Halogen compounds  →  15.1. Halogenoalkanes

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11

The following graph shows the variation of a property of the first 20 elements in the Periodic Table with the atomic number of the element. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 atomic number property What is the property?

9. The Periodic Table: chemical periodicity  →  9.1. Periodicity of physical properties of the elements in Period 3

1. Atomic structure  →  1.4. Ionisation energy

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12

Which statement correctly describes what happens when silicon tetrachloride is added to water?

11. Group 17  →  11.4. The reactions of chlorine

11. Group 17  →  11.3. Some reactions of the halide ions

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13

The oxide and chloride of an element X are separately mixed with water. The two resulting solutions have the same effect on litmus. What is element X?

9. The Periodic Table: chemical periodicity  →  9.2. Periodicity of chemical properties of the elements in Period 3

1. Atomic structure  →  1.2. Isotopes

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14

Which graph correctly describes a trend found in the halogen group?

11. Group 17  →  11.1. Physical properties of the Group 17 elements

11. Group 17  →  11.2. The chemical properties of the halogen elements and the hydrogen halides

3. Chemical bonding  →  3.4. Covalent bonding and coordinate (dative covalent) bonding

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15

During electrolysis of brine in a diaphragm cell, chlorine, hydrogen and sodium hydroxide are produced. What is the molar ratio of these products?

11. Group 17  →  11.4. The reactions of chlorine

11. Group 17  →  11.2. The chemical properties of the halogen elements and the hydrogen halides

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16

When sulfur trioxide is manufactured from sulfur dioxide and oxygen, using the Contact process, which condition affects the value of the equilibrium constant, Kc?

7. Equilibria  →  7.1. Chemical equilibria: reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium

12. Nitrogen and sulfur  →  12.1. Nitrogen and sulfur

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17

Most modern cars are fitted with three-way catalytic converters in the exhaust system. Which three gases are removed by such a catalytic converter?

12. Nitrogen and sulfur  →  12.1. Nitrogen and sulfur

14. Hydrocarbons  →  14.1. Alkanes

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18

In an historically famous experiment Wöhler heated ‘inorganic’ ammonium cyanate in the absence of air. The only product of the reaction was ‘organic’ urea, CO(NH2)2. No other products were formed in the reaction. What is the formula of the cyanate ion present in ammonium cyanate?

12. Nitrogen and sulfur  →  12.1. Nitrogen and sulfur

2. Atoms, molecules and stoichiometry  →  2.3. Formulas

17. Carbonyl compounds  →  17.1. Aldehydes and ketones

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19

The drug cortisone has the formula shown...

13. An introduction to AS Level organic chemistry  →  13.4. Isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism

13. An introduction to AS Level organic chemistry  →  13.1. Formulas, functional groups and the naming of organic compounds

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20

The presence of 11-cis retinal, C20H28O, in cells in the eye is important for vision. The structure of retinal includes an aldehyde group, a cyclohexene ring and a long aliphatic side chain, in which a carbon-carbon double bond exists between carbons numbered 11 and 12. Which pair of statements about 11-cis retinal could be correct?

13. An introduction to AS Level organic chemistry  →  13.3. Shapes of organic molecules; σ and π bonds

13. An introduction to AS Level organic chemistry  →  13.4. Isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism

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21

What is the least number of carbon atoms in a non-cyclic alkane molecule that has a chiral centre?

13. An introduction to AS Level organic chemistry  →  13.4. Isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism

13. An introduction to AS Level organic chemistry  →  13.1. Formulas, functional groups and the naming of organic compounds

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22

The following diagram represents the structure of a possible polymer. C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH H C OH H By which method might this polymer be made?

20. Polymerisation  →  20.1. Addition polymerisation

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23

Sorbic acid is used as a food preservative because it kills fungi and moulds. H C H3C H H OH C sorbic acid C H C O C Sorbic acid will react with • hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst, • bromine in an organic solvent. How many moles of hydrogen and of bromine will be incorporated into one mole of sorbic acid by these reactions?

7. Equilibria  →  7.2. Brønsted–Lowry theory of acids and bases

11. Group 17  →  11.2. The chemical properties of the halogen elements and the hydrogen halides

14. Hydrocarbons  →  14.2. Alkenes

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24

Bromine reacts with ethene to form 1,2-dibromoethane. What is the correct description of the organic intermediate in this reaction?

14. Hydrocarbons  →  14.2. Alkenes

13. An introduction to AS Level organic chemistry  →  13.2. Characteristic organic reactions

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25

Which equation represents a valid propagation step in the free radical reaction between ethane and chlorine?

11. Group 17  →  11.4. The reactions of chlorine

14. Hydrocarbons  →  14.1. Alkanes

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26

The naturally-occurring molecule civetone is found in a gland of the African civet cat and has been used in perfumery. CH2 H2C CH2 H2C H2C H2C CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH HC C O civetone With which reagent will civetone not react?

17. Carbonyl compounds  →  17.1. Aldehydes and ketones

18. Carboxylic acids and derivatives  →  18.1. Carboxylic acids

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27

Cyanohydrins can be made from carbonyl compounds by generating CN– ions from HCN in the presence of a weak base. R R′ R R′ C O HCN + OH CN C CN– In a similar reaction, –CH2CO2CH3 ions are generated from CH3CO2CH3 by strong bases. Which compound can be made from an aldehyde and CH3CO2CH3 in the presence of a strong base?

17. Carbonyl compounds  →  17.1. Aldehydes and ketones

16. Hydroxy compounds  →  16.1. Alcohols

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28

The characteristic odour of rum is attributed to the compound 2-ethyl-3-methylbutanoic acid. C H3C C H C O OH CH3 C2H5 H 2-ethyl-3-methylbutanoic acid Which compound will produce 2-ethyl-3-methylbutanoic acid by heating under reflux with alcoholic sodium cyanide and subsequent acid hydrolysis of the reaction product?

16. Hydroxy compounds  →  16.1. Alcohols

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29

The acarid mite releases Iardolure to attract other mites to a host. This chemical can be destroyed by hydrolysis with acid. CH3CH2CH2[CH(CH3)CH2]3CH(CH3)O C O H A simplified formula for lardolure may be written as follows. RCH(CH3)O C O H What are the products of its hydrolysis?

16. Hydroxy compounds  →  16.1. Alcohols

18. Carboxylic acids and derivatives  →  18.2. Esters

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30

An element X consists of four isotopes. The mass spectrum of X is shown...

22. Analytical techniques  →  22.2. Mass spectrometry

2. Atoms, molecules and stoichiometry  →  2.1. Relative masses of atoms and molecules

1. Atomic structure  →  1.2. Isotopes

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31

Which physical properties are due to hydrogen bonding between water molecules?

3. Chemical bonding  →  3.6. Intermolecular forces, electronegativity and bond properties

4. States of matter  →  4.2. Bonding and structure

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32

Which equilibria, in which all species are gaseous, would have equilibrium constants, Kp, with no units?

7. Equilibria  →  7.1. Chemical equilibria: reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium

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33

Why does a mixture of hydrogen gas and bromine gas react together faster at a temperature of 500 K than it does at a temperature of 400 K?

8. Reaction kinetics  →  8.2. Effect of temperature on reaction rates and the concept of activation energy

8. Reaction kinetics  →  8.1. Rate of reaction

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34

A farmer added lime to damp soil, followed by the nitrogenous fertiliser ammonium sulfate. A chemical reaction occurred in the soil. Which substances were formed in this reaction?

12. Nitrogen and sulfur  →  12.1. Nitrogen and sulfur

11. Group 17  →  11.3. Some reactions of the halide ions

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35

Which statements about the reaction of solid sodium bromide with concentrated sulfuric acid are correct?

11. Group 17  →  11.3. Some reactions of the halide ions

11. Group 17  →  11.2. The chemical properties of the halogen elements and the hydrogen halides

12. Nitrogen and sulfur  →  12.1. Nitrogen and sulfur

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36

Which statements are true for an SN2 reaction?

3. Chemical bonding  →  3.4. Covalent bonding and coordinate (dative covalent) bonding

7. Equilibria  →  7.1. Chemical equilibria: reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium

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37

The chlorine free radical takes part in the destruction of the ozone layer. Which statements about this free radical are correct?

1. Atomic structure  →  1.3. Electrons, energy levels and atomic orbitals

11. Group 17  →  11.4. The reactions of chlorine

14. Hydrocarbons  →  14.1. Alkanes

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38

The diagram shows an experiment. trough of water liquid X on mineral wool support silica, alumina or baked clay strong heat gas collected gentle heat Which processes could be demonstrated by using the above apparatus?

15. Halogen compounds  →  15.1. Halogenoalkanes

14. Hydrocarbons  →  14.2. Alkenes

18. Carboxylic acids and derivatives  →  18.2. Esters

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39

A compound has a relative molecular mass of 88 and its molecule contains only four carbon atoms. What could this compound be?

22. Analytical techniques  →  22.2. Mass spectrometry

2. Atoms, molecules and stoichiometry  →  2.1. Relative masses of atoms and molecules

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40

A monomer undergoes addition polymerisation. A 1 mol sample of the monomer is completely polymerised. How many moles of polymer might, theoretically, be formed?

20. Polymerisation  →  20.1. Addition polymerisation

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