---

---

1

Which species contains a different number of electrons from the other three?

1. Atomic structure  →  1.3. Electrons, energy levels and atomic orbitals

Open

2

Which factor causes helium to have a higher first ionisation energy than hydrogen?

1. Atomic structure  →  1.4. Ionisation energy

Open

3

A 0.216 g sample of aluminium carbide reacts with an excess of water to produce methane gas. This is the only carbon-containing product formed in the reaction. This methane gas burns completely in O2 to form H2O and CO2 only. The volume of CO2 produced at room temperature and pressure is 108 cm3. What is the formula of aluminium carbide?

14. Hydrocarbons  →  14.1. Alkanes

2. Atoms, molecules and stoichiometry  →  2.4. Reacting masses and volumes (of solutions and gases)

Open

4

A reaction between two gases takes place on the surface of the catalytic converter of a petrol-engined car. In this reaction, four reactant molecules produce three product molecules. What could be the two reactant gases in this reaction?

12. Nitrogen and sulfur  →  12.1. Nitrogen and sulfur

14. Hydrocarbons  →  14.1. Alkanes

Open

5

An ion contains 1 nitrogen atom and 2 hydrogen atoms. It has an H–N–H bond angle of approximately 105. Which row is correct?

1. Atomic structure  →  1.3. Electrons, energy levels and atomic orbitals

1. Atomic structure  →  1.1. Particles in the atom and atomic radius

Open

6

Why does ICl have a higher boiling point than Br2?

11. Group 17  →  11.2. The chemical properties of the halogen elements and the hydrogen halides

3. Chemical bonding  →  3.6. Intermolecular forces, electronegativity and bond properties

Open

7

In this question you may assume that nitrogen behaves as an ideal gas. One atmosphere pressure = 101 kPa. Which volume does 1.0 g of nitrogen occupy at 50 C and a pressure of 2.0 atmospheres?

4. States of matter  →  4.1. The gaseous state: ideal and real gases and \( pV = nRT \)

Open

8

Which statement about the properties associated with the different types of bonding involved is correct?

3. Chemical bonding  →  3.6. Intermolecular forces, electronegativity and bond properties

3. Chemical bonding  →  3.1. Electronegativity and bonding

Open

9

For which reaction is the enthalpy change an enthalpy change of formation?

5. Chemical energetics  →  5.1. Enthalpy change, \(\Delta H\)

Open

10

Two standard enthalpy change of formation values are given. [VCl 2] = –452 kJ mol–1 [VCl 3] = –573 kJ mol–1 What is the enthalpy change for the reaction 3VCl 2  2VCl 3 + V ?

5. Chemical energetics  →  5.1. Enthalpy change, \(\Delta H\)

Open

11

Equations for some reactions of hydrogen peroxide are given. 2Fe2+ + H2O2 + 2H+  2Fe3+ + 2H2O 2MnO4 – + 5H2O2 + 6H+  2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 5O2 2Fe3+ + H2O2 + 2OH–  2Fe2+ + O2 + 2H2O In which reactions is hydrogen peroxide acting as a reducing agent?

6. Electrochemistry  →  6.1. Redox processes: electron transfer and changes in oxidation number (oxidation state)

13. An introduction to AS Level organic chemistry  →  13.2. Characteristic organic reactions

11. Group 17  →  11.2. The chemical properties of the halogen elements and the hydrogen halides

Open

12

The equation for the reaction of aqueous thiosulfate ions, S2O3 2–, and aqueous dioxo-vanadium ions, VO2 +, is shown...

11. Group 17  →  11.3. Some reactions of the halide ions

11. Group 17  →  11.4. The reactions of chlorine

2. Atoms, molecules and stoichiometry  →  2.3. Formulas

Open

13

When some solid Ca5(PO4)3OH is added to a beaker of water, an equilibrium is set up. Ca5(PO4)3OH5Ca2++ 3PO4 3–+ OH–Which compound, when added to the equilibrium mixture, increases the amount of Ca5(PO4)3OHpresent?

7. Equilibria  →  7.1. Chemical equilibria: reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium

2. Atoms, molecules and stoichiometry  →  2.4. Reacting masses and volumes (of solutions and gases)

Open

14

Gaseous hydrogen and gaseous iodine react to form gaseous hydrogen iodide. H2+ I22HIIn an experiment, 2.0 mol of hydrogen and 2.0 mol of iodine are placed in a sealed container of volume 1.0 dm3. The Kc value for this reaction under the conditions used is 9.0. How many moles of hydrogen iodide are present at equilibrium?

11. Group 17  →  11.2. The chemical properties of the halogen elements and the hydrogen halides

2. Atoms, molecules and stoichiometry  →  2.4. Reacting masses and volumes (of solutions and gases)

Open

15

Why does the rate of a gaseous reaction increase when the pressure is increased at a constant temperature?

8. Reaction kinetics  →  8.2. Effect of temperature on reaction rates and the concept of activation energy

8. Reaction kinetics  →  8.1. Rate of reaction

Open

16

The Boltzmann distribution for a mixture of gases capable of reaction is shown...

8. Reaction kinetics  →  8.2. Effect of temperature on reaction rates and the concept of activation energy

Open

17

Which oxide is insoluble in aqueous sodium hydroxide?

9. The Periodic Table: chemical periodicity  →  9.2. Periodicity of chemical properties of the elements in Period 3

7. Equilibria  →  7.2. Brønsted–Lowry theory of acids and bases

Open

18

Sodium and sulfur are burned separately in oxygen. Each reaction has a distinctive coloured flame. Which row is correct?

12. Nitrogen and sulfur  →  12.1. Nitrogen and sulfur

11. Group 17  →  11.4. The reactions of chlorine

Open

19

X and Y are elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. Y has a greater atomic number than X. The stable ion formed by Y has a greater radius than the stable ion formed by X. The stable ion formed by Y has 18 electrons. Which row is correct?

1. Atomic structure  →  1.3. Electrons, energy levels and atomic orbitals

Open

20

X is a Group 2 element in either Period 3 or Period 5. X(OH)2 is less soluble in water than Ca(OH)2. When X(NO3)2 is heated, it decomposes. Which row is correct?

9. The Periodic Table: chemical periodicity  →  9.2. Periodicity of chemical properties of the elements in Period 3

10. Group 2  →  10.1. Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group 2 metals, magnesium to barium, and their compounds

Open

21

Which statement comparing magnesium and barium, or their compounds, is correct?

10. Group 2  →  10.1. Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group 2 metals, magnesium to barium, and their compounds

Open

22

The colours of the silver halides AgCl, AgBr and AgI differ. The solubilities of these halides in aqueous ammonia also differ. Which row is correct?

11. Group 17  →  11.3. Some reactions of the halide ions

11. Group 17  →  11.1. Physical properties of the Group 17 elements

10. Group 2  →  10.1. Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group 2 metals, magnesium to barium, and their compounds

Open

23

The name ‘chlorate’ is used for an anion consisting of chlorine and oxygen only. In a molecule of ICl, the iodine atom has oxidation number x and the chlorine atom has oxidation number y. When ICl is added to H2O, iodine is reduced. 4ICl + 2H2O  4HCl + O2 + 2I2 Which statement about the value of x or y is correct?

11. Group 17  →  11.4. The reactions of chlorine

6. Electrochemistry  →  6.1. Redox processes: electron transfer and changes in oxidation number (oxidation state)

Open

24

Which statement is correct?

12. Nitrogen and sulfur  →  12.1. Nitrogen and sulfur

Open

25

The diagram shows the structural formula of a hydrocarbon molecule Q. C H H H C C C C H C H C H H C C C H H H H molecule Q H How many of the carbon atoms in molecule Q are sp2 hybridised?

13. An introduction to AS Level organic chemistry  →  13.1. Formulas, functional groups and the naming of organic compounds

Open

26

Compound X is found in cell walls of some bacteria. Its structural formula is shown...

13. An introduction to AS Level organic chemistry  →  13.1. Formulas, functional groups and the naming of organic compounds

13. An introduction to AS Level organic chemistry  →  13.4. Isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism

Open

27

Structural isomerism only should be considered when answering this question. How many straight-chain isomers are there with molecular formula C4H8Cl 2?

13. An introduction to AS Level organic chemistry  →  13.4. Isomerism: structural isomerism and stereoisomerism

13. An introduction to AS Level organic chemistry  →  13.1. Formulas, functional groups and the naming of organic compounds

Open

28

What is true of every nucleophile?

3. Chemical bonding  →  3.6. Intermolecular forces, electronegativity and bond properties

Open

29

The diagram shows a synthetic route to produce 1-methylcyclohexanol. CH3 CH3 OH HBr heat reagent Y product X What is reagent Y?

21. Organic synthesis  →  21.1. Organic synthesis

15. Halogen compounds  →  15.1. Halogenoalkanes

14. Hydrocarbons  →  14.2. Alkenes

Open

30

X and Y are the reagents required to convert 1-bromopropane into butanoic acid. C H H H C H H H OH O H C C C H H H C H H H H C Br C H H H C H H H H C CN X Y What are the correct identities of reagents X and Y?

15. Halogen compounds  →  15.1. Halogenoalkanes

17. Carbonyl compounds  →  17.1. Aldehydes and ketones

Open

31

The table shows three sets of reagents and reaction conditions. reagents reaction conditions CH2C(CH3)CH3 and HCl room temperature CH3C(CH3)(OH)CH3 and SOCl 2 room temperature CH3CH(CH3)CH3 and Cl 2 the presence of ultraviolet light Which sets of reagents and conditions can be used to produce 2-chloro-2-methylpropane as one of the organic products?

15. Halogen compounds  →  15.1. Halogenoalkanes

14. Hydrocarbons  →  14.1. Alkanes

21. Organic synthesis  →  21.1. Organic synthesis

Open

32

What are the only structures formed when butan-2-ol is heated with concentrated H2SO4?

14. Hydrocarbons  →  14.2. Alkenes

16. Hydroxy compounds  →  16.1. Alcohols

18. Carboxylic acids and derivatives  →  18.2. Esters

Open

33

The compound ‘leaf alcohol’ is partly responsible for the smell of new-mown grass. leaf alcohol CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH2OH What will be formed when ‘leaf alcohol’ is oxidised using an excess of hot acidified K2Cr2O7?

16. Hydroxy compounds  →  16.1. Alcohols

Open

34

Compound X: ● does not react with Tollens’ reagent ● forms a yellow precipitate with alkaline I2● does not react with sodium. What could be the identity of X?

17. Carbonyl compounds  →  17.1. Aldehydes and ketones

16. Hydroxy compounds  →  16.1. Alcohols

Open

35

Which compound can undergo nucleophilic addition?

15. Halogen compounds  →  15.1. Halogenoalkanes

17. Carbonyl compounds  →  17.1. Aldehydes and ketones

Open

36

C2H5COOCH3 is reacted with aqueous acid. The products from this reaction are reacted with LiAl H4 to form two molecules Y and Z. What are the identities of molecules Y and Z?

18. Carboxylic acids and derivatives  →  18.1. Carboxylic acids

14. Hydrocarbons  →  14.2. Alkenes

16. Hydroxy compounds  →  16.1. Alcohols

Open

37

A sample of propanoic acid of mass 3.70 g reacts with an excess of magnesium. A second sample of propanoic acid of mass 3.70 g reacts with an excess of sodium. Both reactions go to completion forming a gas. Which row is correct?

4. States of matter  →  4.1. The gaseous state: ideal and real gases and \( pV = nRT \)

2. Atoms, molecules and stoichiometry  →  2.4. Reacting masses and volumes (of solutions and gases)

Open

38

Which statement about H2C=C(CH3)CH2CO2CH3 is correct?

16. Hydroxy compounds  →  16.1. Alcohols

17. Carbonyl compounds  →  17.1. Aldehydes and ketones

Open

39

Synthetic resins can be made by polymerisation of a variety of monomers including prop-2-en-1-ol, CH2=CHCH2OH. Which structure represents the repeat unit in the polymer poly(prop-2-en-1-ol)?

20. Polymerisation  →  20.1. Addition polymerisation

Open

40

Vitamin C has the structure shown...

22. Analytical techniques  →  22.2. Mass spectrometry

Open