11.2. Antibodies and vaccination
A subsection of Biology, 9700, through 11. Immunity
Listing 10 of 181 questions
is an electron micrograph of a type of B-lymphocyte called a plasma cell. Plasma cells secrete antibody molecules. A B rough endoplasmic reticulum Suggest why plasma cells contain a large quantity of rough endoplasmic reticulum. The diameter A – B of the plasma cell in is 15 μm. Calculate the magnification of . Show your working. magnification × Smallpox was the first disease to be eradicated by vaccination. The vaccine was effective for up to 10 years after one dose and did not require boosters within this time. Name the causative organism of smallpox. When a person received the smallpox vaccine, the numbers of plasma cells specific for the smallpox pathogen were measured from blood samples taken over a period of 35 days. shows how the numbers of smallpox-specific plasma cells changed during 35 days after vaccination. time after vaccination / days number of plasma cells in 1 cm3 blood shows that the number of smallpox-specific plasma cells increases and then decreases within 35 days of vaccination. Explain how a single dose of this vaccine can provide immunity for up to 10 years when the plasma cells are short-lived. State two reasons why the vaccination programme was successful in eradicating smallpox. State the type of immunity provided by the smallpox vaccine.
9700_s15_qp_23
THEORY
2015
Paper 2, Variant 3
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disease of the joints in the human body. RA is classed as an auto-immune disease where the immune system treats some self antigens as non-self. Explain what is meant by the term non-self antigens. The symptoms of RA include inflammation of the joints which causes pain and difficulty in movement of the joint. The inflammation is triggered by a chemical known as TNF-α, produced by macrophages. One approach to the treatment of RA is by the use of monoclonal antibody against TNF-α. is a diagram of an antibody molecule. Q R P Name the parts of the antibody molecule labelled P, Q and R. P Q R Name the type of bonds that hold the polypeptide chains together in the antibody structure. Outline how monoclonal antibody against TNF-α is produced. Suggest how monoclonal antibody against TNF-α can reduce the symptoms of RA.
9700_s16_qp_23
THEORY
2016
Paper 2, Variant 3
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is a diagram that shows the structure of an antibody molecule. variable region constant region variable region State why the antibody molecule shown in has quaternary structure. Use to explain how the structure of the variable region of an antibody molecule is related to its function. State the role of the constant region of an antibody. Monoclonal antibodies are used both in diagnosis and in treatment of disease. Outline how monoclonal antibodies are produced. Suggest the advantages of using monoclonal antibodies in diagnosis of disease.
9700_s17_qp_21
THEORY
2017
Paper 2, Variant 1
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Questions Discovered
181