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20. Polymerisation
A section of Chemistry, 9701
Listing 10 of 116 questions
Compound H has the structural formula CH2=CHCH(NH2)COOH. Name all the functional groups in H. Compound H exhibits stereoisomerism. Draw three‑dimensional structures for the two stereoisomers of H. Name this type of stereoisomerism. type of stereoisomerism Compound H can be prepared from the reaction of J with an excess of hot aqueous acid. J O O O N H Complete to show the equation for this reaction. O O O N H + CH2=CHCH(NH2)COOH + Name the type of reaction in . Polymers consist of monomers joined together by undergoing either addition or condensation polymerisation. Compound H can react to form an addition polymer, K, or a condensation polymer, L, depending on the conditions. Draw one repeat unit of addition polymer K. Draw two repeat units of condensation polymer L. The new functional group formed should be displayed. Explain why condensation polymers can normally biodegrade more readily than addition polymers.
9701_s23_qp_41
THEORY
2023
Paper 4, Variant 1
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Compound H has the structural formula CH2=CHCH(NH2)COOH. Name all the functional groups in H. Compound H exhibits stereoisomerism. Draw three‑dimensional structures for the two stereoisomers of H. Name this type of stereoisomerism. type of stereoisomerism Compound H can be prepared from the reaction of J with an excess of hot aqueous acid. J O O O N H Complete to show the equation for this reaction. O O O N H + CH2=CHCH(NH2)COOH + Name the type of reaction in . Polymers consist of monomers joined together by undergoing either addition or condensation polymerisation. Compound H can react to form an addition polymer, K, or a condensation polymer, L, depending on the conditions. Draw one repeat unit of addition polymer K. Draw two repeat units of condensation polymer L. The new functional group formed should be displayed. Explain why condensation polymers can normally biodegrade more readily than addition polymers.
9701_s23_qp_43
THEORY
2023
Paper 4, Variant 3
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Hydrophilic polymers find important uses in the manufacture of contact lenses and wound dressings. Their chemical structures allow them to bond with water molecules, which keeps them soft and flexible. Sections of two hydrophilic polymers are shown below. What type of polymerisation has produced polymer H? polymer J? What type of attractions might occur between these polymers and molecules of water? Chains of polymer H can be ‘cross-linked’, i.e. joined together, by reaction with a small bifunctional molecule. Which one of the following molecules would be most suitable for such cross- linking? (place a tick in one box only) HOCH2CH2OH H2NCH2CH2NH2 HOCH2CH2CO2H HO2CCH2CH2CO2H H2NCH2CH2CO2H What type of bond would be formed during the cross-linking? OH CH C C C C O O H2 OH CH C H2 OH CH C H2 H H J N H H2 H2 N H N OH OH OH CH CH CH C OH CH C H2 Use Examiner’s Use Suggest the reagents and conditions needed to hydrolyse polymer J into its monomers. Draw the structural formulae of the two products of this hydrolysis reaction. The last compound in the list in above is 3-aminopropanoic acid. This can be made from potassium chloroethanoate by the following 3-stage route. In the box above write the structure of the intermediate in this route. Suggest reagents and conditions for stage II stage III ClCH2CO2– K+ H2NCH2CH2CO2– K+ H2NCH2CH2CO2H KCN stage II stage III
9701_w05_qp_4
THEORY
2005
Paper 4, Variant 0
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Use 10 Silk from silkworms, used as a fabric shows a different secondary structure to that produced by spiders. silkworm silk spider dragline silk less ordered  sheets glycine rich strand highly ordered  sheets What sort of bonding would you expect to occur between adjacent parts of the protein chains in each form of silk? silkworm spider Suggest two differences in properties that these forms of silk could have. Explain your answer. Spider dragline silk contains large amounts of the amino acid glycine. How does this affect the properties of the silk? Examiner’s Use Both forms of silk are condensation polymers. Explain what is meant by a condensation polymer. Another type of polymer is called an addition polymer. Name an example of an addition polymer. Suggest why condensation polymers such as proteins show a wider range of properties than addition polymers.
9701_w08_qp_4
THEORY
2008
Paper 4, Variant 0
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Questions Discovered
116